The Argument Against Drilling In Alaska’s Arctic National Wildlife Refu

Alaska’s Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR), the crowned jewel of the nation’s 544 refuges is in danger of destruction (Lamar and Markey 12). ANWR has been in existence since 1960 and has slowly become one of the most controversial topics to hit Congress. ANWR is composed of 19 million acres on the northeast coast of Alaska. Although the government has been provided with this immense land they are fighting to gain more land. Why? ANWR is the second biggest oil field that is owned by the U.S. Now the government wants more land to construct oil reserves. The refuge is home to many endangered species such as migratory birds, polar bears, and wolves (Lynne and Roberts 1). Most of ANWR’s designated oil area is owned by indigenous Alaskan people (Klyza and Ford-Martin 1). Though these are some of the concerns when debating to stop any further drilling, the more prevalent matters to anti-drillers are; the caribou species, duration of changes (benefits), and why keep a bill that contradicts already existing federal acts. As mentioned earlier, the caribou is a sensitive matter to environmentalist and Alaskan natives. The Porcupine caribou herd is the most concentrated species, 130,000 (Lamar and Markey 12) that roams on ANWR territory. The herd uses ANWR as its calving grounds (Whitten 2008). To each herd there is a distinct calving area (Markey 2004), building a spiritual and survival connection to the land itself. If drilling does continue the number of species will decrease, it has been proven in other caribou locations! The Central Arctic Caribou resided on Prudhoe Bay starting with 23,000 herds after oils reserves began to expand in that area numbers drop to 18,000 (Whitten 2008). ANWR specialists have also figured out that mos... ...s Resource Center . Gale. GILA RIDGE HIGH SCHOOL. 20 Feb. 2015 Klyza, Christopher McGrory, and Paula Anne Ford-Martin. "Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (1980)" Environmental Encyclopedia. Eds. Marci Bortman, Peter Brimblecombe, Mary Ann Cunningham, William P. Cunningham, and William Freedman. Vol. 1. 3rd ed. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale, 2003. 1 pp. 2 vols. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Gale. GILA RIDGE HIGH SCHOOL. 20 Feb. 2015 Markey, Edward J.. "The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Should Remain Off-Limits to Oil Drilling. ."At Issue: Foreign Oil Dependence. James Haley. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2004. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. GILA RIDGE HIGH SCHOOL. 20 Feb. 2015 Will, George F. "The Biofuel Follies. " Newsweek. 151.06 (Feb 11, 2008): 64. General Reference Center Gold. Gale. GILA RIDGE HIGH SCHOOL. 20 Feb. 2015

Punishment in Ancient & Medieval India and the World

ASSIGNMENT ON Presence of Illegal Bangladeshi Immigrants: A Grave Threat to India’s Internal Security Submitted By: Dhanya Babu 32712001 1st Year M. A Criminology INTRODUCTION The illegal immigrants from Bangladesh who are present in large numbers in India poses a grave threat to India’s internal security. It is found that there are around 10-20 million illegal Bangladeshi migrants in India. Unchecked and unregulated migration flows together with high fertility rates could create an alarming situation. Though attempts have been made in India to prevent illegal migration, they have been relatively weak.The 25-member committee, led by Bharatiya Janata Party leader Sushma Swaraj, took note of reports that counterfeit notes were in large circulation along the India-Bangladesh border and presence of illegal Bangladeshi immigrants in large numbers poses a grave threat to India’s internal security and the government should take it seriously and strictly monitor their mo vement. It took cognisance of reports that illegal Bangladeshi migrants were able to secure ration cards, driving licences, voter identity cards and even PAN cards.Media reports have attributed claims to the intelligence sources that terrorist groups have been recruiting Bangladeshis in India. It has also been reported that certain Bangladeshi insurgent groups were involved in the terrorist incidents in our country. Illegal Bangladeshi Migrants are also threat to language and culture of Assam. ULFA which arose as a protest against Bangladeshis lost credibility only when its leaders took shelter in Bangladesh after the Bhutanese operation against the group in December 2003. Arrest of Bangladeshi national S.M. Alam in January 2008 by Assam Police revealed ISI’s plan to turn northeast into a volatile region. The migrants have also spread into other places like Dimapur and Kohima. The illegal migrants are not involved into terrorism in a big way, but involved in gun running, fake currency rackets and drug running etc. Illegal Immigration – Why and How? Growing population pressure in Bangladesh acts as a push factor whereas growing Indian economy, relatively less pressure on land and weak state resistance act as pull factor.Islamic fundamentalist extremist groups are growing in Bangladesh and they are able to expand their activities in West Bengal as well. Some of such organistaions are Jamait-e-Islami-e-Hind, Jamait-Ahle-Hadis, Students Islamic Organization (SIO), Students Islamic Movement of India (SIMI) and Tabligh-e-Jamat. Four of them are most active. Meetings have taken place between Jamaat-e-Islami and West Bengal based radical Muslim organizations and it is believed that ISI is behind them. There has been a growth of unauthorized, illegal madrassas all over West Bengal particularly along the Bangladesh border.They are also using Kolkota and Agartala as bases being close to the border and people from both sides speak the same language. There ar e also groups which are directly involved in subversive activities such as HUJI. Siliguri town acts as gateway to Guwahati, Gangtok and Kishengunj and also shares the border with Bangladesh, Bhutan and Nepal. Important highways, railways tracks, vital installations such as the airfields of Bagdogra and Hashimara and oil pipelines are located here. Increase in Muslim population in Siliguri and adjoining areas has grown at an astonishing 150% in the past seven years.There are villages in and around Siliguri which have curious population mix and often act as heaven for ISI operatives. The villages have some 2,000 Pashto and Baloch settlers from Afghanistan along with 6,000 Iraninas. The increased activity of the ISI has endangered the security of the Siliguri corridor. ISI attempted sabotage in 1999 following a bomb blast at New Jalpaiguri Station. Steps Taken: To prevent the illegal immigration, the Union Home Ministry has taken various measures like construction of border fencing, fl ood lighting and roads to enable more effective patrolling etc.Assignment of border guarding duties on the Indo-Bangladesh border to a single force, Border Security Force, augmentation of its strength through additional battalions, reduction of gaps between border outposts, and provision of modern surveillance and other equipment and gadgetry to BSF are some other steps. The Home Ministry has also been issuing instructions to state governments and Union Territories from time to time to take sustained action to detect foreign nationals, including Bangladeshi nationals, staying illegally in the country.As many as 32 Foreign Tribunals under the provisions of the Foreigners (Tribunals) Order, 1964, have also been constituted in Assam for detention of illegal migrants and foreigners. The issue of illegal migrants from Bangladesh also figured prominently in the recent talks between the heads of Border Security Force and Bangladesh Rifles in Delhi. Steps Ought to be Taken: The following ar e some steps which can be taken to put an end to the illegal immigration in the country from Bangaldesh. Diplomatic Effort – India has to make diplomatic effort to get Bangladesh to cooperate as illegal migration cannot be solved in an effective manner unless sending country cooperates. Sharing of digital database of its citizens will make it easier. * Financial Incentives: India should think of offering illegal migrants financial incentives in the form of liberal trade regime, an infusion of aid and investment. * Coercive Diplomacy- The action of security forces should clearly convey to the illegal migrants that they would face greater danger if they try to cross the border. Better Border Management- Fencing, construction of border roads and proper management of border will make a difference * Use better Indo-Bangladesh relations- Both the countries have better relations and both side should demarcate remaining 6. 5 km of the border and the areas in adverse possession should be negotiated and form well defined border * Unique Identification Number (UID) scheme – Compilation of data is likely to reduce the comfort level of fresh illegal migrants. Bar from Voting rights- Bangladeshi who are already in could be allowed to work but should not be allowed to vote and this will diminish their ability to influence government decisions by being a political force. CONCLUSION The illegal Bangladeshi migration was not the core focus of the government but it has been forced to take a close look at the problem as the terror incidents grew in intensity and frequency. India must go for better border management and effective record keeping of its nationals so that outsiders are easily identified and discouraged from infiltrating.

Acceptance Is Freedom Essay

Freedom is a word that we use so often, but what does it truly mean? Everyone has a different definition of what freedom is. Some believe that freedom is saying whatever you want without consequences or doing what you want without consequences, while others believe that freedom is about equality. However, author Ambrose Flack presents a new and refreshing viewpoint. In his short story, The Strangers That Came to Town, Ambrose Flack is showing that true freedom is about being accepted. Through various situations within the short story, Flack shows how the Duvitch family, a new immigrant family who move to the town, have limits on their freedom because they are not accepted by their new community. When you are not accepted, life can be pretty miserable. You are feeling lonely, judged, and slightly offended, wondering what you did wrong. In the Strangers That Came to Town, this is the case of Mr. Duvitch. Mr. Duvitch is revealed to be a kind, humble, and generous man, but the town does not accept him for a variety of reasons. Syringa Street, the area in which the story is set, is described as a prosperous town, where most hold good jobs. However, in order to make money for his family, Mr. Duvitch works a less than desirable job, and is looked down upon by his peers for his occupation. He is â€Å"classified as an untouchable† (Flack) socially, because he is viewed as lesser and not worthy of the town’s attentions. This isolates him from the town. Additionally, he faces ridicule on the way to work, as â€Å"the Syringa Street young, meeting him on the street, sometimes stopped their noses as they passed him by† (Flack). In all these instances, Mr. Duvitch is deprived of acceptance, and because he is not accepted, he is not free. He cannot be free to have social interactions because he is socially untouchable, and he is not free to live without judgement. The effect of acceptance and freedom can be shown again in this passage of the story: â€Å"Overjoyed to have neighbors in his house, he was so full of himself that I was conscious of an invisible stature in him which made him seem quite as tall as Father.† Because Mr. Duvitch felt accepted in that situation, he was free to be himself and live without judgement. His real personality shines through, and he is truly free in the moment. Mr. Duvitch is impacted  strongly by acceptance and freedom throughout Flack’s short story, and his children and wife are impacted by this theme as well. Within The Strangers That Came to Town, the remainder of the Duvitch family experience situations in which they are not accepted or free. Because Mrs. Duvitch rarely leaves the house, the other women of the neighbourhood immediately judge her, going as far to start rumours that she has a skin disease. Mrs. Duvitch is judged before anyone has so much as said a word to her, and is not accepted. She is impacted by this lack of acceptance because she is not free to feel comfortable living in her town without people spreading false rumours about her personal life. Her children are also judged by other children in school, making them feel unaccepted and isolated. The story says that â€Å"some of their classmates scoffed at the leaf, lard and black bread sandwiches they ate for lunch, huddled in one corner of the recreation room, dressed in their boiled-out ragpickers’ clothes. After school they headed straight for home, never lingering on the playground† (Flack). It is important for children to be able to socialize and express themselves, and the Duvitch children are not free to do so without being ridiculed by the very same children who ridicule their father. They do not feel comfortable enough to play with the others, as any other child is free to feel. Because they are not accepted, they are not free to be themselves and make friends with other children, as other youth do. However, when the Duvitch children are accepted by Tom and Andy’s family, they express themselves openly. They feel free to showcase their talents, which are received greatly by their new guests. When they are accepted, they are free, and thanks to Andy’s father, the whole town now embraces this theme of acceptance and freedom. Andy’s father is a vital character to the theme of acceptance and freedom, because his character is instrumental to all the turning points in the freedom of the Duvitches. In the beginning of the story, he and his family are cordial with the Duvitches, but they do not greet the family or seek their company. At this point in the story, the Duvitches are being judged and ridiculed, and while Andy’s father does not participate in the offending activities, he does not help the Duvitches through this time, leaving them  unaccepted. At the pond, he greets Mr. Duvitch, who is happy to just be acknowledged. He shows acceptance for the Duvitches when he engages in conversation, moving the theme along. He furthers this acceptance when he harshly punishes his own children for wronging the immigrant family. In the end of the short story, Andy’s father helps the rest of the town accept the Duvitch family, and the theme of freedom and acceptance is shown when the Duvitches share their quirks and talents with the town. Because Andy’s father is a respected man, the town accepts the Duvitches because he does. By accepting the Duvitches, he has helped them become free, as shown when the story says that â€Å"People began to turn to the Duvitches in all kinds of trouble† (Flack). The Duvitches become truly free, and their journey to freedom is shown by the steps of Andy’s father’s acceptance. In conclusion, the theme of freedom and acceptance is shown through the characters of Mr. Duvitch, Mrs. Duvitch and the children and Andy’s father. They demonstrate that true freedom is about being accepted, through the scenarios that Ambrose Flack has written for them to endure. In The Strangers That Came to Town, the Duvitches become truly free at the finale of the story. In our own lives, we must ask: what can we do to help others become truly free? SOURCES: Flack, Ambrose. The Strangers That Came to Town. Web.

Individual Organizational Structure Paper Essay

There are two types of organizational structures. The vertical structure and the horizontal structure. Vertical structures have a chain of management which usually reaches from the CEO at the top making any and all decisions and then delegating authority to all the lower-level managers. The horizontal structure which is often referred to as flat structure, have close to no middle managers which means that high level managers handle all the typical day-to-day tasks as well as interacting with the customers and employees. Since most new companies and small businesses will opt for the flat structure because of the fact that they have a more limited amount of employees. The smaller the business is, the more intimate it is. The lack of large workloads means that management styles are going to be more informal than formal. This means that companies like Wal-Mart, Sam’s Club, and even Chevron will be vertically structures whereas mom and pop shops will be more of a horizontally structures company. Since I am currently 6 months pregnant and crazing Mexican food, I will have to use this as my company organizational structure comparison. I will begin with Taco Bell. Because it is a chain, it has the vertical organizational structure. The CEO makes most if not all of the decisions while the lower to middle level management enforces all decisions and rules. There is however, an amazing restaurant in San Marcos Texas called Gracias. They serve in my opinion, the BEST cheese enchiladas in the whole world. Now, there are only four restaurants in south Texas and each of them is owned by one person, but each store does its own thing. Depending on which day you go into the restaurant, you might get the waitresses that know that  ordering a half and half means an iced tea, half sweetened and the other half UN sweetened. Also, depending on which store you go into and which day you go, you might get the enchiladas with too much Cumin on them, or the ones that are just perfect. Each store has their set recipes, but it is always up to the cook how they want to prepare the food. The difference between this and Taco Bell is that Taco Bell’s food is pre-made, freeze dried, and more expensive. They do not make anything, everything is just put together for them and they must arrange it in the proper order. They are preparing it rather than cooking it. The stores themselves are arranged how the manager of that store wants it to look. The only thing the same is the menu and the sign out front. Taco Bell has everything looking the same, with no differences. Since CEO’s like structure and duplication, there is no room for difference or creativity. In a horizontal structure, there is room for differences because it is a smaller business where the rules are more lax. In my personal opinion, I will always prefer the smaller stores or the horizontal businesses. You get more attention in these kinds of places. They get less business because they are not as well-known and not as crowded all the time. Because they do not advertise on the television, they are reserved for locals more than tourist or people that are just passing through. Since there is no real HR department, you must work things out with fellow employees or managers. There are always laws that will protect you regardless of who your business owner is, but there is not a specific department that handles those kinds of things within the company. The location is key in this situation because it is hidden in a smaller part of an old neighborhood. All four of the stores are. This is perfect because you have the chains closer to the highway so people can get in and out quick without getting lost in the city. Since this restaurant is more directed to locals, only true locals know about it. This restaurant is ALWAYS packed on the weekends and usually full during lunch hours during the week, while Taco Bell gets I’s regular business from time to time. Because the food is better, the service is more personal, and the environment is home town, this makes it a better place over all to enjoy a good meal. Since there are only  four stores compared to the thousands that Taco Bell owns, there is less revenue, but since it is a family business, there is no need to share the money with a lot of outside investors or business men/women. Another example would be Wal-Mart versus Buda Grocery. Wal-Mart is a major shopping center chain t hat is run by many different CEO’s and higher ups. They make decisions that directly benefit themselves and hire and fire employees freely because they feel like employees are a dime a dozen. They expect middle management to run most if not all the day to day business and handle as well as track all revenue. Buda Grocery is a tiny store with 4 aisles in the small town of Buda Texas. Its owners, Mr. and Mrs. Montague, have run the store for almost 50 years and they inherited it from Mr. Montague’s father before him. There are 3 employees other than the couple themselves. George is the butcher, he took the position when Mr. Montague got too old to cut the meat himself. George is almost exact with any and all weight of meat the first time without having to put any back. Sue is the cashier and is one of the sweetest women in the world. She never has a frown on her face. Finally, they have a college student come in from time to time to help with the store up-keep and stocking. I never got his name. Mrs. Montague is the book keeper/manager. She does all the ordering as well as any HR work that needs to be done and tracks the revenue as well as signs the checks. The store was sold to a different owner when Mr. Montage died of a heart attack in 2004 and Mrs. Montague could not run it on her own. The new owners have since then re-modeled the store with beer advertisements and even included an extra aisle for adults only. The store before was a dry store, which meant that they did not sell beer or alcohol. It is sad to see what kind of changes the business has faced, but it is still a horizontal organizational structure until this chain becomes big enough to own more and more stores like this. In conclusion, we can see the differences between a vertical organizational structure, where the rules are passed down and expected to be followed through with, and a horizontal structure where things are done depending on how well they work for each department or store. Each structure works well in its own way, but I always feel more comfortable in a horizontal situation because there is room for error. You never have to fear about the higher ups coming to evaluate everything because you are the higher ups. Things are more lax because it just works better that way. REFERENCES: Bateman, T. S., & Snell, S. A. (2011). Management: Leading & collaborating in a competitive world (9th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Green, Sarah. Personal Experience, (2010). Being a customer of Buda Grocery for over 20 years.

Safe medication administration Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Safe medication administration - Research Paper Example 61). Together, these safety measures reduce risk of medication errors, yet, these do not fully address the complexity of human factor in the error. Although addressing medication errors through modern clinical technologies are appropriate parameters in patient safety, priority must be centered on correcting internal culture in clinical practice that cradles medication errors into a communicating environment that promotes early correction of errors through voluntary reporting of underlying error sources. Concept Similarities The act of committing any form of mistakes in clinical set-up generates much concern as single mistake can possibly lead to worse conditions and death. As noted by Vogelsmeier, Scott-Cawiezell, and Zellmer (2007, p. 8), a number of factors hinder to safe medication execution, from â€Å"prescribing, documenting, dispensing, administering, and monitoring.† In all functional categories, poor communication patterns commonly appeared in every level. Even in dou ble-checking medication before administration, communication problems may still occur. Collaborative partnership against error is deferred as junior nurses shies from questioning senior nurses on faulty medication strategies, compounded when two colleagues deviate to personal topics during medication checking and when automatic nursing processes reject further analysis of rechecking drug concepts (Armitage, 2007). As Brous (2008) agreed, communication needs improvement in actual practice, and added that nursing knowledge and skill competencies, as well as staffing issues, should be enhanced in an organizational environment that nurtures culture of safety against errors. Communication, among other stressors, drive nurses to enhanced vulnerability, but this is only a portion of man’s naturally limiting capabilities. Distinctions Revealed A number of potential solutions have been introduced that promises to minimally lessen, if not eliminate, human errors in professionally distr ibuting pharmacological agents. On a traditional way, Dennison (2007) promoted technologically-enhanced strategy of educational training in safe medications, measured through practical improvements in performing â€Å"smart† pumps in medication infusion. As administration phase occupies majority of medication errors, technological creations have been introduced to intercept functional mistakes. For DeYoung, Vanderkool, and Barletta (2009, p. 1111), adverse pharmacological events can be reduced by â€Å"bar-code-assisted medication administration (BCMA),† utilized specifically at the bedside to verify and remind nurses of former medication activities and necessary drug care. Errors are, thereby, prevented as nurses are made aware of correct medication procedures for individual patients prior to actual administration. On a different level, supportive infusion pumps system benefits nurses in three ways; reduces worries on dosage miscalculations, boosts confidence in accur ately delivering infusion agents, and lightens medication workload (Rosenkoetter, et al., 2008). Functions in efficiently distributing medications are performed, and all nurses have to do is monitor it for possible malfunction. In another technological system, â€Å"

Compare multiple stories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Compare multiple stories - Essay Example To begin with, the story Romeo and Juliet was a literary masterpiece which detailed the power of love in the society. The overriding theme and line of thought was the fact that the love that Romeo and Juliet shares was so strong that any other thing in their life did not matter. As much as there is rejection and strong opposition due to the family differences between Romeo and Juliet, the story reiterates that it is the power of love which concurs all. In principle, this story highlights and brings to the front the aspect and issue of the strength of the affection and love that two people share. Comparatively, the story Othello by the same author brings to the gore the issues of the power of love and how rejection or family and social status could be a barrier. It articulates the principle that in the human society, there are things that rarely change such as a person from a wealthy or influential family is expected to just interact and marry from the same class. For instance, Othello courts and dare Desdemona, who was the daughter of Brabantio who was an influential leader in the country. Othello on the hand was just a military commander in the army and by extension he was a worker or servant in of the family of Desdemona. Later on, the other people try to interfere in their love by scheming and putting stain in the relationship or the love affair of Othello and Desdemona. They include Iago and Roderigo who also confirms to have romantic feelings for Desdemona. As the play proceeds, they hatch a plan to instill jealousy and fury in the approaches of Othello through manipul ations and betrayals. At the tail end, the love intrigues and pain bring to the light good reasons to make Othello to kill himself. Comparatively, these two stories all end with tragedies which are occasioned by the hard feelings of sour love and betrayals.

Step two Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Step two - Essay Example The float time shall be analyzed and tracked while bottlenecks shall be identified and explained. Furthermore, any activities that result in wastage of time shall be eliminated. Also, activities that can be done simultaneously shall be grouped for quick results. The desired result of the message is to be able to graphically demonstrate that I have been successful in complying with the schedule. Furthermore, the message shall invite feedback from the audience regarding which activities need to be grouped or which need to be eliminated. This shall ensure that there is communication between my boss and myself. Not only will it allow my boss to keep track of the direction I’m taking in my work but also allow him to provide feedback for the work I’ve completed. This shall further allow him/her to make recommendations for any improvements which I can incorporate in my project to complete it on time. Any bottlenecks shall be identified to which improvements shall be made over time. Although the message is complete in itself, it shall serve as the building block for future discussions. The intended audience The intended audience is my boss. Assuming that I work in a construction firm as a construction manager, and I am presenting the results of my team before the general manager. The results shall show the number of housing units completed under the private sector, residential housing project. The audience is expected to be knowledgeable about the concepts used in the message; hence, technical terms may be used. Typography Since the graph shall convey its intended meaning through the illustrative element rather than words, display type shall not be used to draw audience’s attention. Using display type may distract audience from the overall meaning of the message in this case which is to compare the scheduled and actual outcomes. Few words shall be used in the copy area and shall primarily comprise of the graph’s legend. More lowercase letter s shall be used for the text rather than all capitalized letters. This shall not only save space but also aptly convey the brief message that needs to be communicated. A minimalistic text approach shall be adopted with key information conveyed through the graphics. The spread shall be 18 x 9. The text size shall be 10 and the Serif font shall be used. The graph shall have a clear white background against which two lines (one in blue and one in red) shall be set in contrast. The message shall incorporate color-coded activities in the form of the sequence in which they are to be completed. Use of visuals to support the message Progress of the work being done shall be measured via the graph. The message shall largely be visual with minimal text. Lines shall be used to indicate scheduled versus actual progress. A two-dimensional line graph shall be used to plot the variables. The line graph shall show the scheduled versus actual units of work. Statistical data (in the form of the number of units) shall be used to show the overall trend. The use of line graph shall ensure an uncluttered and clear representation of the data without any confusion. Communication shall, therefore, be clear, concise and complete with the use of this graph. The other visual that displays the PERT activities shall also be two-dimensional with more reliance on colors and shapes to convey different activities. However, words and numerical shall play an important role since these